By the end of this lecture, students will be able to:

• Define anthropology as a scientific discipline and explain its scope in the study of human societies and cultures.
• Identify and describe the main sub-disciplines of anthropology (e.g., cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, archaeology, and linguistic anthropology), including their primary research interests.
• Explain the concept of culture as a foundational analytical framework in anthropological inquiry.
• Recognize fieldwork as a core anthropological research method and outline its basic principles and purposes.
• Discuss the relevance of anthropology to everyday life, including how anthropological perspectives inform understanding of social behavior, diversity, and intercultural interaction.
• Apply introductory anthropological concepts to simple real-world examples from contemporary society.

By the end of this lecture, students will be able to:

• Describe major pre-nineteenth-century interpretations of the living world, including early explanations of biological diversity and the origins of species.
• Explain the intellectual and scientific influences on Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, including key ideas that shaped the development of natural selection.
• Summarize the core principles of Darwinian evolutionary theory, particularly variation, inheritance, and natural selection.
• Identify major developments in evolutionary thought since Darwin, including how subsequent scientific discoveries have refined and expanded evolutionary theory.
• Explain the significance of evolutionary theory for contemporary biological science, including its role in explaining adaptation, diversity, and biological change over time.
• Evaluate the relevance of evolutionary theory as a framework for understanding biological processes in the modern world.

By the end of this lecture, students will be able to:

• Explain how evolutionary theory accounts for patterns of human biological variation across populations.
• Identify the evolutionary mechanisms (e.g., natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, mutation) that contribute to human biological diversity.
• Describe the historical use of the concept of biological “race” in the classification of human populations.
• Critically assess the concept of biological race in light of contemporary anthropological and genetic evidence.
• Explain why patterns of human biological variation are not adequately explained by racial typologies.
• Discuss the implications of rejecting biological race for understanding human diversity in both scientific and social contexts.

By the end of this lecture, students will be able to:

• Explain the role of anthropology in understanding biological and cultural evolution in the human lineage.
• Identify and describe key types of evidence used in the study of hominin evolution, including fossil and genetic data.
• Recognize the importance of stone tools and other forms of material culture in reconstructing early human behaviour.
• Describe the evolutionary divergence between hominins and chimpanzees from a shared common ancestor.
• Outline major developments in the evolution of hominins, including the emergence of anatomically modern humans.
• Discuss how biological and cultural evidence contribute to contemporary interpretations of human evolution.

By the end of this lecture, students will be able to:

• Describe the historical context in which Darwin and Wallace developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
• Explain how empirical observations made during scientific expeditions contributed to the formulation of evolutionary theory.
• Compare the contributions of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace to the development of the theory of natural selection.
• Discuss how scientific collaboration and independent discovery influenced the publication and acceptance of evolutionary theory.

The mid-term exam encompasses anthropological (evolutionary and genetics) concepts discussed in the covered lectures and the documentary film.

By the end of this lecture, students will be able to:

• Explain how a holistic anthropological approach integrates genetic, historical, and cultural data in the study of the Roma population history in Croatia.
• Describe how genetic evidence contributes to reconstructing population origins, migration patterns, and demographic history of Roma communities.
• Discuss the ethical and social implications of genetic research when applied to minority populations, particularly in relation to identity, representation, and inclusion.

By the end of this chapter, students will be able to:

• Define the concept of culture and explain its significance within anthropological inquiry.
• Identify and describe the universal characteristics of culture, including learned behaviour, shared meanings, and symbolic systems.
• Explain how culture shapes human perception, behaviour, and social interaction.
• Recognize how cultural differences are encountered in diverse social contexts.
• Discuss anthropological approaches to understanding and interpreting cultural differences, including the importance of cultural relativism.

By the end of this chapter, students will be able to:

• Explain the distinctive features of human symbolic language in comparison to other forms of animal communication.
• Describe the role of symbolic language in the development of human social and cultural systems.
• Discuss the relationship between language and patterns of thought, including how language influences perception and meaning-making.
• Explain how symbolic communication contributes to the formation of identity and sense of self.
• Recognize the role of culturally shaped symbolic environments in influencing personality and social behaviour.

By the end of this lecture, students will be able to:

1. Define key concepts related to human social relatedness, including kinship, marriage, family, and adoption.
2. Explain how different cultural understandings of relatedness shape social rules and patterns of behaviour.
3. Identify cross-cultural variations in kinship systems, marriage practices, post-marital residence patterns, and family organization.
4. Describe the relationship between kinship structures and social organization in different societies.
5. Discuss the diversity of cultural norms surrounding family life and sexuality across the world.

By the end of this lecture, students will be able to:

• Describe historical attempts to categorize human biological variation, including early classification systems.
• Explain the application of scientific reasoning and statistical methods in the study of human variability.
• Identify key insights from contemporary genetics and molecular biology relevant to understanding variation within Homo sapiens.
• Evaluate the scientific validity of different terms used to describe human biological diversity.
• Discuss how advances in genetic research have reshaped scientific approaches to the study of human variation.

By the end of this lecture, students will be able to:

• Explain how stress is experienced and perceived across different cultural contexts, including both industrialized and non-industrialized societies.
• Identify social and environmental sources of stress, particularly those related to everyday social circumstances.
• Describe how cultural frameworks shape the expression, interpretation, and management of stress.
• Explain the relationship between social stratification and stress, including how inequality influences exposure to stressors.
• Discuss how social environments affect both vulnerability to stress and access to coping resources.

By the end of this lecture, students will be able to:

1. Describe Margaret Mead’s ethnographic research in Samoa and its contribution to anthropological debates on culture and human behaviour.
2. Explain the nature versus nurture debate as it relates to anthropological interpretations of adolescence and social development.
3. Critically assess the methodological and interpretive challenges of ethnographic fieldwork, including how researcher's assumptions may influence anthropological conclusions.

• Explain key concepts and theoretical approaches in anthropology, including culture, evolution, human biological variation, language, kinship, and social organization.
• Apply holistic anthropological perspectives to analyze human diversity using biological, cultural, linguistic, and archaeological evidence.
• Critically evaluate how social, cultural, and biological processes interact in shaping human behaviour, identity, and lived experience across different societies.

The exam will cover all basic anthropological concepts related to culture, language, kinship, race and social implications of stress.